• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2022-03-10

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was funded by the University of Turin (ex60% 2014), World Wide Style Project (WWS; University of Turin/Fondazione CRT) and University of Florence (ex60% 2014). ACR and AP designed the study; AP, EB and IO conducted the literature search and analy

• br Introduction Adenosine triphosphate ATP is an

  2022-03-10

  

  Introduction Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an organic molecule (nucleoside triphosphate) which consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphoric glycine receptors residues. ATP serves as a temporary carrier of energy in all living cells, so it is a common substance in any organism. In the c

• br HO regulation and physiology The catabolism of

  2022-03-10

  

  HO-1: regulation and physiology The catabolism of cellular heme in humans and other species is mediated by the heme oxygenase (HO) family of enzymes (E.C. 1:14:99:3; heme-hydrogen donor:oxygen oxidoreductase). The HOs localize primarily to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they serve, in conce

• Stimulation of GC A by CNP was further corroborated by

  2022-03-10

  

  Stimulation of GC-A by CNP was further corroborated by using a cGMP enzyme immunoassay. We could show that CNP significantly stimulated cGMP synthesis in the GC-A reporter cell line. CNP stimulation resulted in similar maximal cGMP levels compared to stimulation by ANP and BNP. Therefore, by lumines

• In summary we obtained and type of linaclotide by

  2022-03-10

  

  In summary, we obtained - and -type of linaclotide by protein chemical synthesis and acquired the X-ray crystal structure of linaclotide for the first time through racemic crystallization technique. The structure of linaclotide forms a compact spatial structure containing three- turns through three

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2022-03-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Disclosures Author contributions Acknowledgements Introduction Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 382 million patients, of which about 90% have type 2 diabetes melli

• We suggest that the FRET enhancement observed when the

  2022-03-09

  

  We suggest that the FRET enhancement observed when the modified mD1 protein containing Acd at position 28 was excited at 260nm (), may differ from the diminution in fluorescence observed following excitation at 280nm due to the excitation of different transitions in Trp (i.e., the L and L transition

• Generally speaking the regulation of GnIH on

  2022-03-09

  

  Generally speaking, the regulation of GnIH on gonadotropins synthesis and release, although controversial, could be direct and/or indirect via GnRH, among others peptides. In this sense, different scenarios have been reported in vertebrates. In mammalian and avian species, GnIH fibers reach the medi

• Apart from a few mutations which affect

  2022-03-09

  

  Apart from a few mutations, which affect intracellular and extracellular loops of hCRT-1, the mutations are primarily found in the hydrophobic core of the transporter; in fact, TMDs 7 and 8 appear to be a hot spot for mutations (Freissmuth et al., 2018). Several mutations are found at positions, whi

• Similarly both neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization

  2022-03-09

  

  Similarly, both neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization likely occurred for the duplicated proglucagon genes. The change in function of GLP-1 would be a neofunctionalization, however in this case it acquired a redundant function – a function that largely overlaps with glucagon effects in the l

• In a meta analysis of genome wide association studies a

  2022-03-09

  

  In a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies, a variant (rs10423928) in the GIPR gene has been found to be associated with elevated postprandial glucose and insulin (Saxena et al., 2010) as well as lean body composition including decreased BMI, lean mass and waist circumference (Lyssenko et

• Some aspects of intercellular Ca wave spread are similar to

  2022-03-09

  

  Some aspects of intercellular Ca2+ wave spread are similar to the phenomenon of spreading depression and associated with migraine headache [57]. These depolarization waves, followed by electrical inhibition, are evoked by transient hypoxia and other types of Melatonin injury and spread slowly acros

• In addition to inactivation of

  2022-03-09

  

  In addition to inactivation of Notch, we found that the combination of BTZ and GSI-I downregulated ERK phosphorylation in ALK+ ALCL cells, and we speculate this may occur through the inhibition of upstream regulators of the ERK pathway. These findings emphasize the functional complementation of the

• This study introduces a mouse model

  2022-03-09

  

  This study introduces a mouse model carrying the point mutation R258W in Ffar1, which abolishes the stimulation of insulin secretion in response to long chain fatty acids. The minimal genetic alteration mirrors the human situation and has the advantage over conventional knockout/congenic mouse model

• The other type of cell

  2022-03-09

  

  The other type of cell death that occurs in activated T Nevirapine is caused by growth factor withdrawal following TCR-mediated activation, whereby most of the activated T cells die by apoptosis following the eradication of bacteria during an acute infection in order to reduce the level of cytokine

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